CONTENTS №10-2025

3 Valtsiferova S.V. Prion proteins as a general biological phenomenon

Some combinations of amino acids form molecules called prion and prion-like proteins. They were discovered in the middle of the last century in all living objects, and they are currently being actively studied. These proteins are characterized by mechanisms of autocatalytic self-replication and assembly, binding to RNA, and the ability to form structures resistant to extreme conditions, which has found application in the production of nanomaterials. At the same time, some of them, for example, PrPSc, once in the human or animal body alimentally, aerogenically, hemocontactly, etc., can transfer their incorrectly folded state to cellular analogues (PrPс). As a result, physiological proteins turn into a pathogenic form, causing slow neurodegenerative diseases with an inevitable fatal outcome. Key words: prion-like domains, prions, zooanthroponoses, spongiform encephalopathies.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.03-07

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

9 Naimanov A.Kh., Tolstenko N.G., Vangeli E.P., Gulyukin A.M. Control of well-being and prevention of bovine tuberculosis

Due to the fact that the main source of infection in bovine tuberculosis is sick animals, the control of the welfare of herds, first of all, is based on measures to prevent the introduction of M. bovis into safe farms. Timely detection and removal of animals suspected of tuberculosis infection from the herd, 2 times a year with an intradermal test with PPD-tuberculin for mammals, with the slaughter of reacting animals, pathological examination and laboratory examination of pathological material from killed animals, as a rule, guarantees the well-being of the herd population this year, but does not guarantee in the future, since a recurrence of the infection is possible. The main reasons for the recurrence of tuberculosis are: the presence of inergistic animals in the herd; preservation of M. bovis in L-form in the body of animals and the environment; importation of sick animals from outside; infection on pasture and through contact with other sick animals. For the purpose of prevention, control of well-being or timely diagnosis of tuberculosis, the authors recommend annually (twice a year) to carry out the whole range of allergic, pathological and laboratory studies in accordance with the current veterinary rules, with strict observance of all points of veterinary and sanitary measures. Key words: tuberculosis, cattle, M. bovis, PPD-tuberculin for mammals, intradermal test, health measures, well-being control.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.09-13

13 Bachinskaya V.M., Gonchar D.V., Deltsov A.A. The influence of a multicomponent feed additive on egg productivity of laying hens and the chemical composition of eggs

This role is due to the high nutritional value of eggs, their availability and indispensability as a food product in the daily diet. Lipid nutrition of animals and birds is crucial in maintaining their overall health, and also determines the quality of the resulting products. Balanced inclusion of fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6, in animal feed is necessary to ensure optimal viability and productivity. Our studies have shown that the inclusion of a multi-component feed additive based on linseed oil in the diet of laying hens helps to increase the egg productivity of laying hens by 2,2 – 2,3 % compared to the control, as well as an increase in omega-3 in the resulting chicken eggs by 4,24 %. As a result of using the feed additive, a qualitative ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6/omega 3) is observed in the resulting eggs – 4:1, which allows them to be used as multi-component functional food products. Key words: fatty acids, omega-3, omega-6, egg production, laying hens, chicken eggs.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.13-17

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

19 Mikhailov M.M., Gunashev Sh.A., Yankova E.A., Khalikov A.A., Gulieva A.T. The dynamics of the spread of brucellosis of cattle and the effectiveness of health measures in Dagestan Republic

The data presented in the article characterize the dynamics of the spread of brucellosis infection among cattle in Dagestan. The conducted studies show, that difficult epizootic situation on this disease remains in the Republic with positive dynamics. In order to control, screening studies of animal blood sera are carried out, the results of which make it possible to carry out preventive and, if necessary, health-improving measures in timely manner. During the analyzed period, 4,629,800 heads were examined, and 6,560 sick animals were identified. 164 dysfunctional settlements were identified, of which 132 were rehabilitated. To form immunity, animals are vaccinated with strain 82 B. abortus. Key words: bovine brucellosis, infection, human morbidity, prevention, diagnosis.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.19-22

22 Mukhin A.N., Alekseev K.P., Selezneva E.V., Moskvina A.S., Aliper, T.I. Antigenic and immunogenic activity of the combined vaccine MIXOGEM 1+2 against viral hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis of rabbits

The article presents results of studies the antigenic and immunogenic activity of the combined vaccine MIXOGEM 1+2 against viral hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis of rabbits.   Key words: MIXOGEM 1+2, vaccine, viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, rabbits myxomatosis, antigenic activity, immunogenic activity.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.22-28

28 Alontseva D.A., Droshnev A.E., Zavyalova E.A. Identification of the causative agent of salmonid furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) in the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

One of the widespread, serious and economically significant diseases in the cultivation of salmon fish in aquaculture worldwide is furunculosis (aeromonosis) caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. In the Russian Federation, the disease is included in the list of controlled quarantine diseases. The classical diagnosis with the isolation of the pathogen on nutrient media is well known and very accurate, however, it takes a long time, and the differentiation of biochemical properties using a wide range of selective media is expensive. The article describes the development of a test system for the identification of A. salmonicida DNA (vapA gene) in which a sample can be detected in three ways: electrophoretic detection, colorimetric detection (color change from pink to bright yellow), by plotting fluorescence in real time (Tt value for the sigma-shaped curve via the GREEN channel (SYBR) ≤35 min). To identify A. salmonicida the proposed method uses domestic reaction mixtures (produced in Novosibirsk, Moscow), which reduces the cost of a single analysis, and it is also an element of import substitution. The specificity of the LAMP-based test system is 100 %, and the sensitivity of the reaction is 0,8 pcg of the genomic DNA matrix. Key words: aquaculture, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, furunculosis, salmon aeromonosis, real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.10.28-35

INVASIVE DISEASES

37 Mineeva O.V., Mineev A.K. Metazoan parasites of perch yearlings of small Volga tributary

We studied the infection of perch yearlings with multicellular parasites in a tributary of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. Eleven species and unspecified forms of metazoan parasites were identified, most of which are characterized by a complex life cycle. Species of epizootic significance were discovered. Ichthyozooantroponoses were registered, including one alien species of trematodes. Key words: metazoan parasites, perch, yearlings, river Usa.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.34-37

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

42 Nechitailo O.G., Sampiev A.M., Dolgov E.P. Wound-healing effect of Spumazol in the form of foam aerosol on infected wounds of rats

The authors investigated the healing effect of the new drug Spumazole in the form of a foam aerosol on infected wounds in rats. The composition of Spumazole includes a set of phytocomponents, it was used at different stages of the process. It was found that foam aerosol accelerated wound healing by two days in comparison with traditional treatment, and by four days in animals without treatment. The prospects of using Spumazole as a wound-healing drug have also been confirmed by cytological studies of smear prints from infected rat wounds and clinical blood tests of animals in dynamics.  Key words: wounds, wound healing effect, infected wound model, laboratory rats, foam aerosol, clinical blood test.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.42-47

47 Sagdeev D.R., Kadikov I.R., Kurshakova E.I., Korchemkin A.A., Vafin I.F., Rakhmatullin E.K. The effectiveness of the Modisorb plus complex agent in the contamination of feed with heavy metals

The article presents the results of an experiment on rats to study the effectiveness of the complex drug Medisorb plus [7] when feeding animal feeds contaminated with heavy metals. Three groups of 180 – 190 g white rats were formed: the first (control) group received the basic ration (RR), the second – RR, which was supplemented with 0,12 mg/kg of cadmium (CdCl2) and 2 mg/kg of lead [Pb(CH3COO)2], the third is OR + cadmium and lead in the same doses + Modisorb plus in a dose of 0,2 % of the dry matter of the feed. It has been established that a complex agent based on sorbent, adaptogens, antagonist microelements and methionine helps restore the body's metabolic processes, reduces the amount of heavy metals in the liver and kidneys, and reduces animal weight loss. Key words: cadmium, lead, sorbent, adaptogens, microelements, animals.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.47-51

NONINFETION DISEASES

53 Shibitov S.K., Vysotskaya P.P., Safiullin R.T. Comparative еffectivenes of treatment methods for aural hematoma in dogs

The effectiveness of two treatment regimens for otohematoma in dogs was compared – the stepwise use of prednisone in anti-inflammatory doses and the traditional surgical method. The experiment was conducted on three groups of sick dogs with 8 heads each. Animals of the first group were treated with prednisone orally and parenterally at doses of 0,5 mg/kg for 3 days; 0,25 mg/kg for 4 days and 0,1 mg/kg for 3 days, surgical autopsy with mattress sutures was performed in the second group, and dogs of the third group remained untreated. The results showed 100 % effectiveness in the first group, 50 % in the second, and 20 % recovered spontaneously in the control group. The proposed prednisone regimen is effective. Key words: aural hematoma, dogs, prednisolone, conservative treatment, surgical treatment, glucocorticoids.  DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.53-55

56 Belkin K.E., Vatnikov Yu.A., Krotova E.A., Shopinskaya M.Yu., Rudenko A.A. Prevalence of nephrocardial syndrome in cats

The article summarizes data from the results of 5 years of work at the Vetlife Clinic (Moscow) on the prevalence of nephrocardial syndrome in cats. Nephrocardial syndrome was detected in 37 cats (the frequency of occurrence was 13,1 per 10000). There was no sexual predisposition to the development of the syndrome – 54,05 % of cats were among the patients (35,14 % of them neutered) and 45,95 % of cats (40,54 % sterilized). Mongrel cats (29,73 %), Siberian and Persian cats (13,51 % each), and Siamese cats (10,81 %) are most susceptible to the development of the syndrome. The average age of onset of the disease in cats was 11,08±0.41 years, most often the pathology was diagnosed in animals aged 10 – 13 years (43,24 %).  Nephrocardial syndrome is a clinically significant disease of elderly cats and requires further large-scale research. Key words: nephrocardial syndrome, distribution, cats, chronic renal failure, nephrogenic cardiomyopathy.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.56-60