CONTENTS №11-2024

3 Orlyankin B.G., Aliper T.I.  Evolution of viruses

Contemporary notions on the origin and evolution of viruses are reviewed. An overview is offered of main hypotheses concerning the origins and factors determining the evolution of viruses, as well as their role in the exchange of genetic information between different species. Key words: viruses, origin, evolution, gene transfer in the biosphere.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.03-09

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

11 Kichemazova N.V., Chupinina V.A., Larionova O.S., Fedorova V.A. Specific prevention of salmonellosis in agriculture of the Russian Federation

Salmonellosis is one of the dangerous intestinal infections of animals and birds, caused by bacteria of the species Salmonella enterica. In addition, a wide range of sources of human infection with salmonellosis has been proven, the most common of which is the consumption of animal products contaminated with salmonella (usually eggs, meat, dairy products). WHO world statistics on the incidence of salmonellosis in humans indicate that this infection remains one of the four main causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide. At the same time, the number of detected Salmonella serovars in animals, birds and humans is increasing. The situation is complicated by the emergence of multi-resistant strains of infectious agents. Various countries have developed strategies for the control and prevention of salmonellosis, including, among other things, vaccination of animals and birds in livestock and poultry farms. In our country, inactivated mono-, polyvalent, associated and live attenuated vaccines are used against salmonellosis in farm animals and birds. The article presents a list of domestic veterinary Salmonella vaccines and briefly outlines the history of the discovery and classification of Salmonella. Key words: salmonellosis, Salmonella enterica, farm animals, birds, vaccines.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.11-16

INFECTIOUS  DISEASES

18 Donnik I.M., Petropavlovskiy M.V., Makytina V.A., Gulyukin M.I., Barsukov  Yu.I. The current bovine leukemia spread situation in the Russian Federation

The purpose of the study was to conduct an in-depth epizootological analysis of data on the spread and nature of the course of leukemia in the administrative territories of the Russian Federation with different epizootic conditions. Epizootological analysis shows the heterogeneous dynamics of the spread and course of the leukemic process in different subjects, which is associated with the effectiveness of anti-leukemia programs, as well as with the biological characteristics of the pathogen and the condition of susceptible animals. Key words: leukemia virus, cattle, epizootological situation, infection rate, hematological stage.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.18-22

22 Zhuravleva E.A. Hematological parameters in sheep and goats infected with lentiviruses

Small ruminant lentiviruses have a multifactorial effect on the host; cause chronic illness and affect the body's resistance to other infections. The genetic variability of lentiviruses associated with genome recombination makes it difficult to timely diagnose and identify infected animals. Well-known representatives of this group, Visna-maedi in sheep and Arthritis encephalitis in goats MVV\CAEV, are widespread.     The paper presents summary information in hematological parameters in ewes and suckling lambs infected and free from Visna-maedi and antibodies elimination in kids. The data obtained can serve as an assessment factor in farms that feed pasteurized milk in order to eradicate the pathogen from the herd.  Key words: visna-maedi, artrit encephalitis, goat, sheep, hematology, antibodies.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.22-27

28 Ezdakova I.Yu., Kapustina O.V., Grigoriev A.G., Katorkin S.A. Identification of Th-cells in the blood of cattle and small ruminants by immunoperoxidase staining using poly- and monoclonal antibodies

The development of modern technologies to study the pathogenesis of the disease, its diagnosis and means of immunoprophylaxis is necessary to create safe and effective new generation vaccines. The creation of recombinant proteins has opened a safe and reliable way for their use in various immunodiagnostic methods. The purpose of this work was to comparatively characterize the results of the immunoperoxidase staining method for determining cattle Th-cells using polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant CD4 protein and commercial monoclonal antibodies to the cattle CD marker. As a result of the studies, a high degree of correlation was established between the indicators obtained using poly- and monoclonal antibodies. The results obtained allow the use of polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant CD antigen to identify Th-cells in the blood of cattle and small ruminants. Key words: polyclonal antibodies, recombinant protein, monoclonal antibodies, T cells, immunoperoxidase staining.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.28-31

INVASIVE DISEASES

33 Vitomskova E.A., Ginter E.V. Diseases of commercial fish in the  Far  North-East of Russia

In the economy of the Far Northeast of Russia, fishing occupies one of the leading places. Fish diseases of various etiologies harm the successful development of the entire fishing industry, and during disease outbreaks they reduce the efficiency of aquaculture enterprises. The paper presents data from studies conducted in the spring-summer period 1989 – 2021 on 11 species of fish (6725 individuals) to isolate pathogens and identify epidemiologically and epizootologically significant diseases. Clinical, pathoanatomical, helminthological, bacteriological methods established in anadromous salmonids include aeromonosis, myxosomiasis, nibeliniosis and trienophorosis; in marine fish – anisakidosis, diphyllobothriasis and corynosomiasis. The authors believe that it is necessary to introduce modern methods of veterinary and sanitary examination into the work of the government department and develop new approaches for diagnosing fish diseases of various etiologies. Key words: passing Pacific salmon, infectious diseases, invasive diseases, aeromonosis, anisakidosis, diphyllobothriosis, Magadan region.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.33-38

ZOOHYGIENA, SANITATION, ECOLOGY

39 Netychuk S.S., Popov P.A. Activity and the development of modes of use of the drug DISINFICENT-NP of veterinary surveillance facilities

Reliable and effective disinfection is important to ensure animal safety in veterinary practice. The article presents studies on the development of application modes (solution concentration, exposure time) of a new composite disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde DEZINFITSENT-NP. It was found that the drug is effective against pathogenic microflora of varying degrees of resistance to disinfectants in small and medium doses and can be used for forced and preventive disinfection at veterinary surveillance facilities. The presence of protein protection had virtually no effect on the effectiveness of disinfection. Key words: disinfectant, composite disinfectants, objects of veterinary supervision.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.39-42

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

43 Korochkina E.A., Finageev E.Yu., Pushkina V.S., Glavatskaya D.E., Trifonova A.V.  Possibility of mesenchimal stromal cells using in the cryopreservation ram’s sperm

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality parameters of sheep spermatozoa after cryopreservation using mesenchymal stromal cells as a diluent component. After dilution, the sperm was frozen. Sperm quality was assessed in five stages: dilution, cooling, thawing (sperm incubation at 38 0С) 0, 2 and 4 hour. The data obtained indicate the regenerative, protective and stimulating properties of MSCs in terms of the morphofunctional characteristics of sperm and determine the prospects for their use as a component of a diluent. Key words: sperm, mesenchymalstromalcells, extender, cryopreservation.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.43-52

47 Malakhova L.S., Omarov A.A., Surov A.I., Rachkov I.G., Karpova E.D. Synchronization of the sexual cycle in Zaanen goats during the breeding season

The results of synchronization of the sexual cycle in Zaanen goats with foreign-made drugs and Magestrophan during the breeding season are presented. When each drug was administered twice in a total dose of 250 mcg of DV cloprostenol, no significant differences in the synchronizing effect between them were revealed. The fertilization, fertility and safety of the offspring obtained were almost the same and amounted to 82,9 %, 162,1 and 95,7 %, respectively, when using a foreign-made drug and 81,4 %, 161,4 and 95,6 % after using Magestrophana. Key words: goats, Zaanen breed, prostaglandin preparations, Magestrofan, fertilization, fertility, safety.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.47-50

NONINFETION DISEASES

52 Plemyashov K.V., Krutikova A.A., Belikova A.O., Kuznetsova T.Sh., Semenov B.S. Analysis of the MLN gene polymorphisms distribution in highly productive dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum

The article presents the results of research on connection between the FN2987674:g62G>A and FN298674:g90T>C polymorphisms located in the promoter and first exon of the MLN gene with the occurrence of left displacement of the abomasum in highly productive Holstein cows of the Leningrad region. According to foreign scientists, motilin is a candidate gene, polymorphic variants of which are associated with LDA in highly productive Holstein cows. As a result of studies conducted on cows of the Leningrad region on single nucleotide polymorphism FN298674:g90T>C in the experimental group, 2 animals had the C/C genotype (3,8 %), 16 – T/C (30,7 %) and 34 – T/T (65,4 %). In the control group, 25 cows had the T/C genotype (26,3 %), 70 cows had the T/T genotype (73,7 %), and there were no carriers of the C/C genotype. In the control group, 6 cows were carriers of the A/A genotype (27,27 %), 11 had the G/A genotype (50 %) and 5 had G/G genotype (22,73 %). Genotypes associated with the occurrence of LDA did not prevail in the experimental group. No statistically significant differences were found in allele frequency in healthy animals and animals with diagnosed abomasum displacement. No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected for the occurrence of both polymorphisms. Key words: cattle, Holstein, left-sided displacement of the abomasum, LDA, MLN gene, motilin, polymorphism, genotype, resistance.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.52-56

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

57 Sagdeev D.R., Kadikov I.R., Kurshakova E.I., Potapova S.N., Sagdeeva Z.Kh.,  Mayorova E.N.  Effectiveness of sorbent with adaptogens in sheep poisoning by heavy metals

The article presents the results of an experiment on sheep to determine the effectiveness of a sorbent complex with adaptogens for reducing the level of heavy metals in meat and organs and increasing animal productivity. The study was carried out on 4 groups of animals, 3 heads each. Sheep of the first group (biological control) received the basic diet (BD) without additives, the second group was supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg of cadmium feed and 10 mg/kg of lead feed in the BD), the third group was given heavy metals in the same quantities in the BD, as the second plus a sorbent complex (modibent) in an amount of 1 % of the diet and adaptogens (lecithin – 5 – 10 g/head; L-carnitine – 5 g/head; succinic acid – 25 g/kg live weight), the fourth group received OR with sorbent and adaptogens, but without the addition of heavy metals. It was revealed that when feed is contaminated with heavy metals, the live weight of animals decreases, and cadmium and lead accumulate in meat and liver in quantities exceeding the MPC level several times. The sorbent and adaptogens used in the experiment significantly reduced the negative consequences of heavy metal poisoning in sheep. Key words: cadmium, lead, sheep, sorbent, lecithin, L-carnitine, succinic acid.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.57-60

VETERINARY-SANITARY CONTROL

61 Bachinskaya V.M., Deltsov A.A., Vasilevich F.I., Gonchar D.V. The influence of complex preparation on the chemical composition of rabbit meat

The inclusion of various preparations and feed additives in the diets of farm animals has a significant impact not only on productivity indicators, but also on the quality of the resulting products. The article presents the results of studies aimed at studying the effect of a new complex preparation developed on the basis of protein hydrolysate of plant origin on the chemical composition of rabbit meat. The studies indicate a positive effect of the drug on the chemical and amino acid composition of rabbit meat, while simultaneously increasing its nutritional and energy value. The amount of protein in the meat of experimental rabbits increased by 0,88 %, the total amount of essential amino acids increased by 1 % compared to the control, which indicates an increase in the biological value of the resulting products. The work was carried out within the framework of the RSF grant No. 23-26-00173 "Development and study of a complex preparation based on protein hydrolysate in rabbit breeding". Key words: protein hydrolysate, amino acids, rabbits, proteins, quality, biological value.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.11.61-64