CONTENTS №11-2025

3 Burlachuk N.A., Osipyan E.A., Pchelnikov A.V. Justification of the need for a quantitative analysis of the risks of introducing IRT cattle into Russia

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR) caused by Varicellovirus bovinealpha1 virus (BoHV-1) is a disease of domestic and wild cattle. The virus is spread all over the world. One of the ways to prevent this virus from entering the country, as well as its spread, is the risk analysis method. In the framework of this work, the authors assessed the dynamics of cattle imports to Russia from 2012 to 2021. As a result, it was found that 87 % of cattle were imported from states recognized by the OIE as unfavorable for infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle. According to the authors, the risk of importing new strains remains high, and therefore it was decided to analyze possible risk factors. Key words: risk analysis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, livestock import, herpesvirus, viruses.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.03-08

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

11 Koba I.S., Belkina Yu.S., Loshchinin S.O., Klokov V.S., Kashkovskaya L.M., Safarova M.I. Efficacy of Uteroton Forte in the complex therapy of postpartum endometritis in cows

The efficacy of the drug Uteroton Forte (oxytocin + propranolol) in the treatment of acute postpartum endometritis in cows has been established. The drug has a prolonged uterotonic effect due to the synergy of its components. The pharmacological properties of Uteroton Forte, when administered once at doses of 7,0 ml or 10,0 ml in combination with the intrauterine antimicrobial drug Mitrek, demonstrate a 100% therapeutic effect. Furthermore, it reduces the recovery time (on average 7,2 days) and improves reproductive performance (60 % of cows were inseminated within 48 – 60 days after calving). It was noted that in all cows, after a single application of Uteroton Forte, the uterus completely returned to its prepartum size within the physiologically set period (by day 20 – 30 after calving). The drug is well tolerated and has no negative impact on lactation. Key words: cow, postpartum endometritis, Uteroton Forte, oxytocin, propranolol, service period.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.11-16

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

17 Ovchinnikov R.S., Samylina I.V., Gaynullina A.G., Kapustin A.V., Belova M.V. Characterization of the causative agent of cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from a cat in Russian Federation

For the first time in the Russian Federation, a culture of the cryptococcosis pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has been isolated and reliably identified from an animal (a cat) by MALDI-TOF method. This pathogen is frequently diagnosed in humans; however, it had not been previously documented in animals in our country. The study characterizes the cultural and morphological properties of the pathogen, its mass spectrum features, and its susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The isolation of C. neoformans indicates a further expansion of the spectrum of fungal pathogens affecting animals, which had not been previously recorded in our country. Key words: Cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcosis, small domestic animals, yeast, mycoses.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.17-22

24 Chemisova O.S., Kartashov S.N., Khaustov A.V., Yermakov A.M., Mukhin A.N. A retrospective study of the efficacy of vaccination against canine parvoviral enteritis and distemper

The results of a retrospective study on the efficacy of vaccination against canine parvoviral enteritis and canine distemper in the Rostov region from 2020 to 2024 are presented. Changes in the spectrum of vaccines used against parvoviral enteritis and canine distemper were observed, with a significant increase in the proportion of Multican vaccines and a decrease in the share of imported vaccines (Eurican, Nobivak). High efficacy of the administered vaccines against parvoviral enteritis and canine distemper was confirmed, with no reported cases of disease in pets vaccinated with the domestically produced Multican vaccines. The main risk factors for parvoviral enteritis and canine distemper infection were outdoor or free-roaming housing and an age of under 5 months. Vaccination contributed to a reduction in the number of severe cases and fatal outcomes of parvoviral enteritis. Differences in the frequency and severity of leukopenia were identified between the groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. Cases of canine distemper were detected only among unvaccinated dogs. Key words: canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, vaccine, Multican, Eurican, Biokan, Nobivak, Vanguard.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.24-29

INVASIVE DISEASES

30 Marzanova S.N., Devrishov D.A., Zarytovskaya M.A., Arkhipova L.O., Pak V.V., Marzanov N.S. Features of antiparasitic immunity of sheep

The review article examines the main features of antiparasitic immunity. An analysis of scientific works from Russian and foreign sources is conducted. Methods of avoiding the immune response by helminths are described. The characteristics of the mechanisms of immune protection during parasitic invasion are given. Key words: parasites, antiparasitic immunity, helminthiasis, immunosuppression, IgE, cytokines, T cells.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.30-36

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

37 Shubina M.A., Korochkina E.A. The results of the correlation analysis of the DNA fragmentation index and the main indicators of sperm quality of breeding bulls

Fragmentation of sperm DNA (breaking DNA strands into pieces) disrupts the transmission of hereditary information, which leads to abnormalities in the offspring. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the qualitative parameters of semen from breeding bulls (motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation index) and to identify a correlation between them. The quality of thawed semen of Holstein bulls (n=10) was studied. An average correlation was found between the number of non-progressive spermatozoa (rs=0,5156, p<0,05) and the DNA fragmentation index. A positive correlation was found between fragmented sperm DNA and cervical abnormalities. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the level of DNA fragmentation, motility, and sperm morphology of breeding bulls. Therefore, the assessment of DNA fragmentation is an important additional criterion in the comprehensive assessment of sperm, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of predicting the reproductive capacity and effectiveness of the semen of breeding bulls. Key words: spermogram, fragmentation of sperm DNA, breeding bulls, correlation analysis.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.37-40

41 Denisenko V.Yu. Influence of progesterone on the viability and functional state of thawed bull spermatozoa

The effect of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and prolactin in the presence of progesterone on their viability and functional status was studied on thawed bull spermatozoa using eosin staining and a chlortetracycline test. After incubation in the presence of progesterone, the number of viable spermatozoa did not change. Treatment of gametes with progesterone, followed by the use of IBMX or prolactin, also did not lead to a change in the number of capacitated cells. A similar result was obtained when cells were incubated in the presence of a protein kinase A inhibitor. Compound H-89 did not change the number of captured cells after exposure to IBMX or prolactin spermatozoa, whereas the protein kinase C inhibitor (compound Ro 31-8220) increased the number of captured spermatozoa after exposure to prolactin. Thus, if an increase in the number of viable spermatozoa is associated with an increase in the number of capacitated cells, then in the absence of an effect on the viability of spermatozoa, there should be no effect on cell capacitation (the number of capacitated spermatozoa), which is observed when progesterone (in the presence of IBMX and prolactin) acts on thawed bull spermatozoa. Key words: cryopreservation, bull spermatozoa, viability, functional status, prolactin, IBMX.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.41-44

45 Khusnetdinova N.F., Obukhov I.L., Kolyadina N.I. Transabdominal ultrasonography in the first half of pregnancy in Black-headed Dorper sheep

The optimal time for detecting pregnancy after embryo transfer or insemination of Blackheaded Dorper sheep was established. A characteristic ultrasonographic picture of early embryogenesis and development of extraembryonic structures was revealed. Key words: pregnancy diagnostics, sheep, ultrasound, embryo transfer, insemination, embryo, fetus, placentoma, caruncles.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.45-49

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

50 Tagiyev I.K. Effect of cobalt chloride supplementation on productivity of cattle

In three experiments conducted by the authors in a farm in the Gusar district of Azerbaijan, the effect of cobalt top dressing on dairy productivity of cows and weight gain in calves of different ages was studied. The reason for the research was the observed anemia of animals after a long cold winter. It is known that cobalt deficiency is one of the possible causes of anemia. It was found that cobalt top dressing did not affect the productivity of cows and calves aged 5-6 months, calves of dairy age grew faster than their peers without the addition of cobalt. Hemoglobin synthesis was activated in all age groups of animals under the influence of feeding with cobalt chloride.   Key words: cold, cows, calves, haemoglobin, trace elements, cobalt.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.50-52

54 Mishina N.N., Sofronova A.V., Semenov E.I., Frolov A.V., Mukhammetshina A.G., Vafin F.R. Diagnostic value of determining T-2 toxin in the blood of cows with mycotoxicosis

This paper presents studies of feed samples (grain mixture, compound feed), 8 blood serum samples from patients and one serum from a forcedly killed animal to determine the cause of cow death at one of the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan. Our research showed that the grain mixture and compound feed samples contained T-2 toxin in a dose exceeding the MAC for dairy cows by six times. The HPLC-MS method confirmed the presence of T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin in the blood serum of cows, the maximum toxin content was in the blood serum of the animal that was forced to be killed. Keywords: blood serum, mixed feed, grain mixture, mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, cows.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.54-57

LABORATORY PRACTICE

58 Galnbek T.V., Shulyak A.F., Velichko G.N. Prolonged use of primary cell cultures for virological research

The primary bovine kidney cell culture maintains the viability, typical morphology, growth properties and sensitivity to viruses in liquid nitrogen for a long time (at least 11 years). Two calf kidneys grant 20 – 24 l cell suspension for primary seeding and seeding of non-adhered cells. One liter suspension grants 40 cryotubes 1,8 cm3 or 12 – 13 – 5 cm3. The cells from these tubes can be used to seed 50 0,25 – l cm3 flasks and cultured up to 5 passages with 1:3 – 1:2 ratio. Thus, cryopreservation allows to maintain primary bovine kidney cell cultures for a long time and to provide a stable basis for conducting virological studies. The proposed method can be adapted to other cell systems. Key words: cell culture, cryopreservation, storage, biological properties.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.11.58-62

FROM VETERINARY MEDICINE HISTORY

63 VNIVIP employees. On the 120th Anniversary of Matilda Alekseevna Zhurnakova's Birth