CONTENTS №3-2025

3 Makarov V.V., Stekolnikov A.A., Sochnev V.V.  Factor-endogenous doctrine of the main pathology of productive animals (part 1)

Infectious morbidity has undergone an obvious evolution from acute epizootics to pathological processes of chronic, latent and other non-trivial forms of course, remaining for half a century the main unsolved problem of veterinary medicine of productive livestock farming. The reason for this is, first of all, the inertial stagnation of ideas regarding the epizootic process with an unfounded orientation towards the obsolete provisions of the "doctrine" of the transmission mechanism as a universal dogma of infectious pathology.  The first part of the report sets out the postulates of the factor-endogenous doctrine of morbidity in productive animals, based on a critical approach to the existing situation. The nature, origin and evolution of factorial and opportunistic animal infections are considered. Key words: epizootology, “doctrine” of the mechanism of infection transmission, factorial and opportunistic infections.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.03-09

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

11 Ayanot P.K. Interferons in animal husbandry

The article reveals the role of interferons in the complex protection of animals from viral infections and facts about the discovery of the signaling molecules. The article describes the biochemical mechanisms of interferon induction and their effect on cells, leading to the production of antiviral molecules and the neutralization of viral infection. The special role of interferons is given by the fact that they are a factor of innate and universal immunity – the very first line of defense. All other antiviral agents, including specific neutralizing antibodies, depend on the effectiveness and efficiency of the first line of defense of the immune system. The article reveals the influence of species specificity of recombinant interferons on the effectiveness of the drugs used. Practical schemes for the use of these drugs are given. And a conclusion is made about the place and role of species-specific interferons in the complex protection of animals from viral diseases. Key words: interferons, cattle, prevention of viral infections.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.11-16

INFECTIOUS  DISEASES

18 Mukhin A.N., Ostapchuk O.V., Moskvina A.S., Aliper T.I. Сlinical studies of the new vaccine complex Multican against distemper, adenovirus infections, parvovirus enteritis, leptospirosis and rabies of dogs

The article presents results of clinical studies of the vaccine complex Multican against distemper, adenovirus infections, parvovirus enteritis, leptospirosis and rabies of dogs. Key words: Multican, vaccine, canine distemper, canine adenovirus infections, canine parvovirus enteritis, leptospirosis, rabies antigenic activity, adjuvant, “Karbopol-971р”.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.18-24

26 Kiselev A.M., Cyganov I.S., Eliseeva S.M., Bykovceva D.A., Galkina T.S. Isolating feline panleukopenia virus in cell culture

The article provides results on optimized isolation of feline panleukopenia virus in cell culture. To achieve the goal, various types of biological material with a high viral load have been chosen that are considered suitable for isolating the infectious agent in subcultures and in continuous cell lines, and methods for purifying biological material at the stage of sample preparation have been optimized. In addition, various homologous and heterologous cell lines were examined for their permissiveness to feline panleukopenia virus. Key words: feline panleukopenia, parvoviruses, hemagglutination test, viral isolation.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.26-31

ZOOHYGIENA, SANITATION, ECOLOGY

32 Gunashev Sh.A., Ramazanova D.M., Gadzhimuradova Z.T., Mirzoeva T.B., Sherbakova G.Sh. Viability of pathogenic microorganisms at subzero temperatures in the Republic of Dagestan

The article is devoted to research on the survival of microorganisms in the snow cover at different values of negative ambient temperature. The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions by artificial contamination of snow by E. coli microorganisms, E. faecalis and E. faecium, as well as S. typhimurium, are isolated from the wastewater of the poultry complex by aerogenic and direct application of a suspension of microorganisms in droppings on snow. The presence of viable microorganisms in the snow is an indirect indicator of biological contamination of the territory around livestock facilities. This allows you to establish a zone of spread of pathogenic microorganisms and take measures to eliminate the source of the pathogen in a timely manner. Key words: temperature, infection, pathogenicity, bacteria, viability, environment, aerosol.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.32-35

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

36 Krutikova A.A., Peglivanian G.K., Shiriaev G.V., Belikova A.O. Association of FSHB gene polymorphism with the levels of sex hormones in blood of female reindeer

To study the regulation of the reproductive cycle of female reindeer and search for DNA markers, the concentration estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), involved in the formation of hormonal status and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals was determined. Experimental animals: pre-calving does (n=30), post-calving does (n=20). A fragment of the follicle-stimulating hormone beta-chain (FSHB) gene was examined. Nanopore sequencing was used to genotype DNA samples from the studied group of reindeer and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the studied region of the FSHB gene, three of which: A187C, A567G and C668T were in the non-coding region - the first intron. The dependence of FSH and LH levels in calved heifers on the genotype for the A187C polymorphism in the FSHB gene was determined. Carriers of the AA genotype had, on average, a higher FSH level compared to those with the CC genotype (p<0,05). It was also found that animals with the AA genotype had a significantly (p<0,05) higher LH content in the blood than those with other genotypes. Key words: reproductive functions, reindeer, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH).

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.36-40

40 Kolyadina N.I., Obukhov I.L., Slesarenko N.A., Shumeyko A.V. Parameters fetal blood flow in dogs in normal and pathological conditions

The paper presents data on the quantitative assessment of fetal blood flow in dogs, identifies the resistance index of umbilical cord vessels in the period from 56 to 63 days of pregnancy was revealed, blood flow indicators in normally developing fetuses and in fetuses with identified intrauterine pathologies were evaluated, the effect of fetal motor activity on its heart rate was determined. Key words: fetometry, fetal heart rate, ultrasound, fetal distress, placental blood flow, resistance index, biparietal diameter of the skull.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.40-45

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

47 Goncharov A.T., Kochish I.I. Effectiveness of antibacterial drug based on monobutyrate and monopropionate  during farming minks

The results of a study of the effectiveness of the «Salkoli® MONO BP» liquid feed additive in fur farming are presented. The composition of the additive includes monobutyrate and monopropionate. Rational doses of the drug were determined on four groups of minks and it was established that the animals receiving «Salkoli® MONO BP» liquid during the experiment exceeded the animals of the control group in terms of live weight, size of skins and their quality. Key words: «Salkoli® MONO BP», mink, monobutyrate, monopropionate, monoglycerides.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.47-49

NONINFETION DISEASES

50 Lyust V.A., Vatnikov Yu.A., Semenova V.I. Postoperative evaluation of surgical correction for unilateral ureteral obstruction in cats

Postoperative assessment of the condition of cats after surgery on the ureters is a rather complicated but necessary procedure to resolve acute postrenal insufficiency. An experiment was conducted on 6 cats with renal insufficiency, in which creatinine values were over 1000 mmol/l and urea values over 50 mmol/l. The methods of nephrovesicular bypass surgery and Boari reimplantation were compared. After using the implant method, kidney function indicators (urea and blood creatinine) returned to normal 5 – 15 % faster on the first five days after surgery, in contrast to the non-paid method on the same days of the study, for this reason, the duration of toxic effects on kidney nephrons is shorter. Thus, on the 14th day of the study, the severity of kidney damage in patients with the implanted method was lower if assessed by urea and creatinine values, which were 20 % and 13 % lower than in patients with the non-implanted method. Key words: cats, ureter, obstruction, Boari reimplantation, nephrovesicular bypass surgery, blood test.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.3.50-55