CONTENTS №9-2025

3 Vafin F.R., Matrosova L.E., Mishina N.N., Semenov E.I., Ermolaeva O.K. Combined effect of fusarium mycotoxins and their modified forms (review)

The review cites over 25 publications and discusses the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments studying toxicity caused by combined exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins and their modified forms. Fusarium toxins, when exposed simultaneously, can interact with each other so that the magnitude of the resulting toxic effects can be enhanced, reduced, or remain unchanged. Studying the combined effects of mycotoxins will allow the development of more effective strategies for the detoxification of mycotoxicoses. Key words: mycotoxins, fungi, toxicity, combined effects, animals.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.03-06

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

8 Baratov M.O., Naymanov A.Kh. Palpebral tuberculin test for the purposes  of differentiation of non-specific reactions

In a comparative study of the diagnostic value of intradermal and palpebral tests in farms with and without tuberculosis, the authors found that in healthy farms where cattle sensitization to various types of NTM was established, reacting animals to the palpebral test were not detected or were detected up to (0,2 %). In farms with unfavorable tuberculosis, sick animals reacted to intradermal and palpebral administration of PPD-tuberculin for mammals almost identically. Due to the fact that when using a simultaneous test with PPD-tuberculin for mammals and CAM, it can be used no earlier than 30 days after the intradermal test, the use of the palpebral test on the day of recording allergic reactions to the intradermal test is completely justified and correct. Key words: tuberculosis, cattle, non-specific reaction, NTM, PPD-tuberculin for mammals, KAM, intradermal test, palpebral test, simultaneous test.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.08-11

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

13 Verkhovsky O.A., Glotov A.G., Chunikhina O.A., Koritskaya M.A., Balandina M.A., Ivanov E.V., Aliper T.I. Molecular and biological properties of bovine  viral diarrhoea virus isolate of the second type  and virus-specific immune response

The aim of this article is to study of the genetic and antigenic properties of a previously isolated BVDV type 2 and the development of a new ELISAs for the differentiation of BVDV type 1- and BVDV type 2-specific immune response. It was established that the non-cytopathogenic virus isolated in the Russian Federation belongs to BVDV-2a. The protein spectrum of BVDV-2a and its specific antigenic activity were studied. It was shown that the developed ELISAs are able to differentiate BVDV-1- and BVDV-2- specific immune response in sera of infected or vaccinated animals. After additional studies, this virus can be included in the composition of BVDV vaccines. Key words: BVDV, virus genotypes, PCR, ELISA, immune response.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.13-21

21 Supova A.V., Shastin P.N., Laishevtsev A.I., Gilmanov Kh.Kh., Ezhova E.G. Species diver sity of clostridium in pigs in Russia

In order to determine the structure of circulating clostridia isolates in the territory of the Russian Federation of a number of subjects, to determine the pathogenic and toxigenic properties of the obtained etiologically significant strains of Clostridium difficile, Clostridium. perfringens isolated from pigs from clinical and sectional materials and the assessment of antibiotic resistance against groups of antibacterial agents macrolides, penicillins, polypeptides, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, ansamycins, sulfonamides, diaminopyrimidines, phosphonic acid derivative cephalosporins, fusidines, 2446 samples were examined. A total of 393 isolates were obtained, according to which the structure of porcine clostridium is represented as follows: Clostridium tertium – 36 %, Clostridium perfringens – 20,4, Clostridium sporogenes – 10,7, Clostridium difficile – 8,1, Paraclostridium bifermentans – 7,1, Clostridium paraputrificum – 5,1, Clostridium cadaveris – 4,8, Clostridium butyricum – 4,1, Clostridium sartagoforme  – 1,8, Clostridium baratii – 1,3, Clostridium septicum and Clostridium innocuum 0,3 % each. Among them, 47 isolates of Clostridium had pathogenic properties: 24 strains of Clostridium perfringens, 22 strains of Clostridium difficile, 1 strain of Clostridium septicum; toxigenic properties were found in 44 strains of Clostridium: 43 – Clostridium perfringens, 1 – Clostridium difficile. According to the locations of clostridia, it is worth noting the large intestine 69,5 %, the small intestine 14,7 %, the liver 10,4 %, 0,3 % – kidneys and heart. Key words: clostridia, pigs, antibiotic resistance, toxigenicity, pathogenicity, biosafety.

 DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.21-27

27 Ruzina A.V. Poultry bacteriological studies to select effective antimicrobials

Bacterial diseases of birds dominate the rest. This is confirmed by the data of the reference center for Salmonellosis monitoring of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and veterinary reports. Practicing veterinarians are increasingly recording the associated course of bacterial diseases of birds, including salmonellosis and colibacteriosis. These diseases are most common in industrial poultry farming and can cause foodborne infections in humans.  At one of the poultry farms, the presence of pathogenic microflora in the pathological material was analyzed, the sensitivity of the isolated pathogens to various antimicrobial drugs was determined, and one of them (doxycycline 40 %) was recommended as an effective means for the prevention and treatment of poultry. Key words: salmonellosis, escherichia coli, escherichia coli, bacteriologic studies, pathogenicity.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.27-32

INVASIVE DISEASES

34 Voronkova O.V., Usachev I.I. The effect of various anthelmintics on the indigenous microflora of the fetuses of sports horses

The results of studies of the effect of anthelmintics Febtal, Praziver and Rivertin on the content of representatives of indigenous microflora (Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia (E. coli), Bacillus, Candida) in the feces of sports horses are presented. It was found that Praziver and Rivertin, which contained ivermectin as an active substance, suppressed the growth of controlled microorganisms in the test material at approximately the same level – 8,0 – 8,3 %. Febtal inhibited the accumulation of controlled microorganisms to a greater extent (12,6 %). The quantitative values of E. coli under the influence of Рraziver and Rivertin varied in a wider range: 13.2 – 57.9 %. The general pattern of the effect of the studied drugs on the indigenous microflora of horses was a marked decrease in the concentration of lactoflora and microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, while the growth of bifidobacteria was most actively suppressed by Febtal and Rivertin. The enterococcal content decreased by 33,3 %, Febtal – by 28,3 % and Rivertin – by 11,7 % under the influence of Praziver. Key words: sports horses, indigenous microflora, Praziver, Febtal, Rivertin, feces, anthelmintic animals.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.34-37

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

39 Mashnin D.V., Lescheva N.A., Pleshakova V.I., Mashnin A.V. Control of serous mastitis in cows complicated by antibiotic-resistant microflora

The possibility of a complex combination in the fight against cow mastitis complicated by antibiotic-resistant microflora is shown, using the determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs and combined intracisternal and parenteral use of antimicrobial drugs Mastilex and Penbex based on beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. An increase in the effectiveness of therapeutic measures using the described scheme by 45,45 % is demonstrated, compared to traditional use on the farm - the use of only antimastitis syringes based on beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Key words: cows, serous mastitis, microflora, Penbex, beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, Mastilex.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.8.42-44

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

45 Petrenko A.A., Barychnikov P.I. The effect of a tissue biogenic preparation on the biochemical parameters of calves' blood during vaccination

The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of biochemical blood parameters when using a tissue biogenic preparation in conjunction with immunization with the inactivated emulsion-associated vaccine BoviRes-Paste against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea and cattle pasteurellosis.. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of a tissue biogenic preparation in conjunction with vaccination contributes to the normalization of blood biochemical parameters, in particular, in increasing total protein, β- and γ-globulins. In the calves of the experimental group, 30 and 90 days after revaccination, the total protein content increased relative to the control by 7,6 g/l (12,7 %) and 9,8 g/l (17,2 %) at p≤0,01. The β-globulin fraction was significantly higher than the initial data in both control and control calves. experimental groups: 30 days after revaccination by 5,06 g/l and 6,08 g/l, after 90 days – by 6,66 g/l and 8,98 g/l, after 180 days – by 10,25 g/l and 8,02 g/l. Differences in the data on γ-globulins in favor of the experimental calves persisted throughout the entire observation period, however, reliable indicators were 90 and 180 days after repeated vaccination relative to the initial data and the data of the control group (p≤0,05). Key words: calves, vaccination, tissue therapy, biochemical parameters of blood serum, total protein, albumins, globulins.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.45-48

NONINFETION DISEASES

49 Rudenko P.A., Lutsaу V.I., Sibirtsev L.D., Nefedov A.M. Dynamics of acute phase proteins in the therapy of highly productive cows with comorbid obstetric-gynecological and orthopedic pathology

The presented manuscript presents a clinical and biochemical monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment with various schemes in highly productive cows with comorbid postpartum endometritis and orthopedic pathology at the JSC Voskresenskoye in the Voskresensky District of the Moscow Region. The experiment was conducted on four groups of highly productive animals with polymorbid manifestation of purulent-catarrhal postpartum endometritis and purulent-necrotic diseases in the finger area. It was found that the most effective therapy included orthopedic treatment of the affected area of the fingers, surgical treatment before applying Exekont ointment, as well as intrauterine administration of Sepranol suppositories against the background of intramuscular use of Cobactan and Emidonol. This is confirmed by the analysis of general clinical and biochemical parameters in experimental animals during treatment. Key words: highly productive cows, reproductive cycle, endometritis, purulent-necrotic lesions of the extremities, comorbid course, therapy.

 DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.49-55

55 Vatnikov Yu.A., Sotnikova E.D., Shchurov I.V., Petrukhina O.A., Rudenko A.A. The effect of prolonged furosemide infusion on cats with cardiorenal syndrome

The article presents the comparative effectiveness of two methods of using furosemide in addition to basic therapy (rivaroxaban orally – 0,5 mg/kg once a day, spironolactone orally – 2 mg/kg twice a day, telmisartan – 1 mg/kg once a day) in cats with cardiorenal syndrome. The first group of sick animals received furosemide at a dose of 2 mg/kg intravenously 3 times a day, the second group received prolonged (6 hours) intravenous infusions of the drug for 10 days at a rate of 1 mg / kg per hour (daily dose – 6 mg / kg) and a volume of 50 ml 0,9 % NaCI.  It was found that a prolonged six-hour intravenous infusion of furosemide, prescribed in addition to the basic treatment, compared with an intravenous bolus injection of a similar dose of furosemide, significantly reduced the number of relapses requiring animals to be placed in the intensive care unit, contributed to the correction of dyspnoea, intoxication syndrome, leveled the phenomena of excessive polyuria and polydipsia, weight loss, caused improvement longitudinal and transverse contractility, as well as diastolic function of the left ventricle. Key words: cardiology, echocardiography, electrocardiography, diagnostics, heart failure, furosemide, prolonged infusion, cardiorenal continuum.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2025.28.9.55-60