CONTENTS №7-2024
3 Baratov M.O., Naimanov A.Kh., Iskandarov M.I. Features of diagnosis of bird tuberculosis
The article presents the results of analysis of the available scientific literature, approved and currently valid regulatory documents, as well as previously published results of our own research on the insufficiently covered problems of avian tuberculosis in recent years. The article also deals with the peculiarities of diagnosing avian tuberculosis, and the significance and role of the causative agent of avian tuberculosis in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in other animal species. Finally, it analyses the significance and place of PCR in the complex of diagnostic studies at the present stage of preventive and health measures to combat animal tuberculosis. Key words: avian tuberculosis, mycobacteria, M. bovis, M. tuberculosis, M. avium, PPD (purified protein derivative) tuberculin for mammals, PPD tuberculin for birds, PCR method, complex diagnostics.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.03-07
EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES
10 Litvinova Z.A., Yakubik O.L., Giletiy A.V. Species composition and antibiotic resistance of microflora of waterfowl in the Upper Amur region
Wild birds are natural reservoirs and sources of many zoonotic pathogens. Seasonal migrations of wild birds contribute to the spread of pathogens of infectious diseases. The basis of migration flows is waterfowl. The migration routes of wild waterfowl, primarily geese and ducks, pass through the Upper Amur region. The purpose of the study was to study the species composition and antibiotic resistance of the microflora of waterfowl in the Upper Amur region. Based on the studies conducted, it was established that the microflora of the body of waterfowl in the Upper Amur region is represented by various microorganisms. Infection of birds with bacteria of the genera Escherichia was established - 46.8%; Salmonella (29,3 %); Enterococcus (6,3 %); Listeria (3,2 %); Proteus (1,6 %); Staphylococcus (0,8 %); Streptococcus (0,8 %). Bacteria of the genera Pasteurella (41,6 %), Salmonella (33,3 %), Enterococcus (25,0 %) are highly resistant to antibacterial drugs. Complex resistance of bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Salmonella, Enterococcus, Pasteurella to vancomycin and bacitracin has been established. Key words: waterfowl, microflora, Upper Amur region, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.09-12
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
13 Bezborodova N.А., Shilova E.N., Sokolova О.V., Tomskih O.G., Kojuhovskaja V.V. Species diversity of clinical isolates of bacteria of the genus Clostridium circulating in dairy complexes of the Sverdlovsk region
During 2023, employees of the Ural NIVI in 13 agricultural organizations in the region collected biological samples from animals with signs of clostridial infection. 44 biosamples from cows and calves were sent to the laboratory of Quality Med LLC (Ekaterinburg) for research by cultural methods to isolate aerobic, facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic microorganisms, and determine species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Based on the totality of properties and characteristics, the types of isolates were determined – Cl. perfringens, Cl. septicum, Cl. sporogenes. Associated microflora (T. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, K. oxytoca) resistant to antibacterial drugs were identified. During the work, recommendations were given for the prevention and treatment of wound infections in animals, disinfection and vaccination against clostridiosis. Key words: clostridia, clostridial infection, anaerobes, microbiology, isolates, MALDI-TOF MS.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.13-19
21 Savinov V.A., Laishevtsev A.I., Khabarova A.V., Supova A.V., Shastin P.N. Diagnosis of aspergillosis in the Grey parrot
The article presents the results of a pathological, microbiological and histological examination of a deceased parrot. Based on a comprehensive study, the diagnosis of acute aspergillosis was established. A pathoanatomic examination of the bird's internal organs revealed acute catarrhal enteritis and acute left-sided catarrhal bronchopneumonia. During the microbiological study, a pure culture of Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated, the species belonging of which was confirmed by sequencing. The isolate was found to be resistant to nystatin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin, clotrimazole and fluconazole and sensitive to voriconazole. Key words: aspergillosis, Grey parrot, mycosis, histology, lungs.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.21-23
24 Kosarev M.А., Safina G.M., Bogova Y.A. Efficiency of combined protection against experimental brucellosis in guinea pigs
In the context of brucellosis research, antibiotic-resistant Brucella strains were studied for emergency prophylaxis. Special attention was given to the culture of the B. abortus 82-Tr strain, used with tetracycline to protect guinea pigs from the virulent B. abortus 54-M strain. The experiment involved 60 animals divided into groups that were administered various combinations of the B. abortus 82-Tr culture and antibiotic. The results showed high efficacy of the combined application in preventing brucellosis and forming stable immunity. Fifteen days after implementing protective measures, there was a complete absence of virulent Brucella cultures in the treated guinea pigs, confirming the method's effectiveness. This was especially notable compared to animals treated only with antibiotics, which remained vulnerable to reinfection. The study underscores the benefits of combined protection for effective brucellosis prophylaxis, ensuring complete elimination of virulent cultures and the formation of long-lasting immunity. Key words: B. abortus, antibiotic-resistant strain, antibiotics, vaccination, revaccination, serological studies, bacteriological studies.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.24-27
INVASIVE DISEASES
28 Marzanova S.N., Fatakhov K.F., Devrishov D.A., Marzanov N.S. Relationship of loci of the major histocompatibility complex in sheep (OLA) with their resistance and susceptibility to parasitoses
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a polygenic and polyallelic system with codominant expression. According to the classification, MHC includes three classes (I, II, III) of genes located on the 20th chromosome of sheep. Major histocompatibility complex genes are involved in the vertebrate immune system and encode foreign antigen recognition proteins. Studies have shown that sheep MHC (OLA) genes determine the resistance or susceptibility of the organism to unfavorable environmental factors. Determination of genetic structure and biodiversity of alleles in DRB1 and DQB loci of sheep will allow to develop a method to assess the level of biodiversity in different breeds of sheep. This will allow to create populations of animals with specified properties. The materials obtained within the framework of the project will form the basis for these developments. Key words: sheep, breeds, MHC, OLA, locus, DRB1, DQB.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.28-33
OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY
35 Zhernosenko А.А., Mashnin D.V., Demyantsev V.A., Simonov P.G., Mashnin A.V. Comparative effectiveness of hormonal drugs from different manufacturers in synchronizing sexual heat in cows
In an experiment on highly productive cows, the effectiveness of hormonal preparations from different manufacturers – gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α) for synchronizing sexual heat was compared. The drugs were used as part of the Ovsynch program. The best result was shown by the pair buserelin acetate (Busol) and D-cloprostenol (Galapan). Key words: cows, synchronization of sexual heat, Ovsynch, GnRH, surfagon, gonadorelin acetate, buserelin acetate, Busol, PG F2α, cloprostenol, luprostiol, D-cloprostenol, Galapan.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.35-37
38 Simonov P.G., Aliev A.Yu., Belozertseva N.S., Fedotov S.V. Therapeutic effectiveness of silver-containing drugs for various forms of mastitis in cows
In an experiment on cows with subclinical, catarrhal and purulent-catarrhal forms of mastitis, the effectiveness of the silver-containing drug Argumistin® in various concentrations of silver ions was studied. It was found that in the treatment of subclinical mastitis, the effectiveness of Argumistin® containing 0,005 % colloidal silver was 100,0 %, the duration of treatment averaged 3,69 days. In the case of catarrhal mastitis, a drug containing colloidal silver of 0,005 % and 0,0075 % was effective in 80,0 % of sick cows; recovery time was reduced by an average of 12,4 % compared to the control drug. After administration of 4 doses of 0,005 % Argumistin®, the silver content in milk was less than 1 μg/l. This indicates the low bioavailability of the active components of the drug and allows its use in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cows without culling dairy products. Key words: mastitis, veterinary drugs, colloidal silver, cows, bioavailabilit.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.38-42
NONINFETION DISEASES
43 Vatnikov Yu.A., Shchurov A.I., Shchurov I.V., Kulikov E.V. Сonservative treatment of tracheal collapse
Tracheal collapse in dogs, a disease associated with deformity or complete destruction of the cartilaginous rings of the trachea, leading to narrowing or complete closure of the tracheal lumen. Finding a conservative treatment that excludes surgery is an important task for practicing physicians. Key words: trachea collapse, medical treatment, dogs.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.43-47
LABORATORY PRACTICE
49 Povalyaeva O.S., Chadaeva A.A., Lapteva O.G., Sindryakova I.P., Yurkov S.G. Pipistrellus nathusii kidney cell culture – a model for assessing the spread of RNA-containing viruses in mammals
Migratory species of animals – birds, mammals, including representatives of the order Bats, are considered as one of the risk factors for the introduction and spread of pathogens of viral diseases. The possible role of individual animal species in the formation of natural reservoirs of viral pathogens can be predicted with a certain degree of probability in vitro by the presence of target cells in cell culture obtained from tissues and organs of the studied species. Representatives of the Bat order are a reservoir of pathogens of many viral diseases of animals and humans. Pipistrellus nathusii bats are one of the most widespread species migrating over long distances in Europe, inhabiting northeastern countries in summer and migrating to southwestern regions for hibernation. In this regard, this species is of interest, both from a virological and epidemiological point of view. The presented studies established the sensitivity of the strain of diploid kidney cells of the Pipistrellus nathusii bat obtained by the authors to vesicular stomatitis viruses, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Akabane disease, plague of small ruminants, which allows considering the possibility of participation of this species of bats in the epidemic process, and also opens up prospects for using this cell culture to isolate pathogens. Key words: Pipistrellus nathusii, strain of diploid kidney cells of a bat, sensitivity, viruses, virological methods.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.7.49-56
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