CONTENTS №9-2024
3 Gulyukin A.M. The principles of building an informational and analytical systems for forecasting and modeling epizootological risks
Forecasting the dynamics of the development of the epizootic situation, taking into account a control effect, requires the construction of models of the epizootic process that differentially take into account the nature and degree of influence of various factors. To achieve a high level of realism of models of epizootic processes, the design of their architecture should be based on the principles of systemic epizootology, which considers the population of the causative agent and host and vectors populations as elements of one or more intersecting ecosystems. A systematic approach to the development of models of epizootic processes and validation of the obtained models ensures the formation of a based on territorial specifics scientific strategy for epizootic risks management, allows to switch to processing protocols with a predictable result and upgrade control. Key words: epizootology, risk-based monitoring, risk analysis and assessment, infectious diseases.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.03-08
EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES
10 Makarov V.V., Nikishov A.A. Pathogenicity and virulence agents of infections (part 1)
The article discusses the bioecological essence of pathogenicity and virulence of infectious diseases agents. The stated provisions are supported by real examples of infectious pathology. Key words: infectious diseases, epizootology, pathogens, pathogenicity, virulence.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.10-15
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
17 Kozyreva N.G. Level of bovine leukemia provirus against the background of the development of infection
The paper presents the results of an experiment on calves to determine the proviral load (PV) against the background of experimental reproduction of leukemic infection. Calves were infected with a single intravenous injection of blood from a cow with leukemia - animals of the first group were injected with 2 ml/animal, the second – 5 ml/animal. Starting from the 7th day, signs of leukemic infection were detected - a provirus genome with a PN level in the range of 2,88x102 – 5,05x106 GE/ml. A dose-effect relationship was established; in calves of the second group, the PN level was 2,1 times higher. Key words: bovine leukemia virus (BLV), leukemia infection, proviral load (PL), quantitative RT-PCR.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.17-21
21 Kudryashov D.A., Vlasov M.E., Sindryakova I.P., Belov S.V., Titov I.A. Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Isolate from the Tver Region
The article provides data on the study of an ASF virus which was isolated in the Tver region from an affected domestic pig. It was established that the studied strain causes hemadsorption and pathogenic for domestic pigs with an acute form of the disease. Viremia in the blood of infected animals was detected from the third day after the introduction of viral material; the maximum levels of infectious activity were 6,0 – 7,0 lg HAU50/cm3. According to the hemadsorption delay reaction, the isolate was assigned to serotype 8. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis of the partial B646L gene, studied strain was attributed to genotype II. Characterization of biological and molecular – genetic properties of the studied virus shows that it does not differ from the ASF virus isolates which have been circulating in the Russian Federation since 2007. Key words: African swine fever, hemadsorption, isolate, strain, viremia, Real-Time PCR, sequencing.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.21-27
27 Nikitina N.V., Iavdoshak L.I., Leonov I.K., Trubitsyn M.M. Immunoprophylaxis of viral hepatitis in ducklings type I
The article presents the results of a study of the physicochemical and immunobiological properties of an inactivated vaccine against viral hepatitis of ducklings depending on the duration of storage. It has been shown that the inactivated emulsified vaccine against duckling viral hepatitis type I is stable, harmless and has high immunogenic properties for 12 months. The use of an inactivated vaccine for immunization of replacement young ducks or parent flock a month before the start of egg laying will make it possible to obtain offspring that are resistant to infection with the field virus during the susceptible period. Key words: immunity, duckling viral hepatitis type I, vaccine, prevention, embryos.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.27-30
INVASIVE DISEASES
32 Shakarboev E.B., Khosilova G.A., Uralova F.S. Seasonal and age dynamics of faciolisis in the southern regions of Uzbekistan
The seasonal and age-related dynamics of fascioliasis were studied caused by Fasciola gigantica in the southern region of Uzbekistan. As a result of the studies carried out in the Kashkadarya region, the total infection of cattle was 24,8 %, and in the Surkhandarya region – 26,6 % with an invasion intensity of 6 – 73 specimens. The intensity of invasion shows that more than 80 % of the detected trematodes are imaginal forms, and the rest are preimaginal. The results of helminthocoprological studies have shown that fascioliasis infestation is recorded throughout the year, both in cattle and sheep, with the maximum infestation of these animals in the winter. A significant role is played in the circulation of fascioliasis infestation by cattle over 8 years of age and sheep over 4 years of age. Key words: trematode, fascioliasis, Fasciola gigantica, invasion, seasonal and age dynamics, Uzbekistan.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.32-36
OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY
37 Kuzmina T.I. Follicular fluid – perspective cryoprotective agent in the technology of porcine oocytes vitrification
The study is aimed at modernizing protocols for intraovarian vitrification of pig oocytes for use in innovative cellular reproductive technologies and preserving the gene pool of elite breeds. The liquid of antral follicles with a diameter of less than 3 mm, into which oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) were placed before vitrification, was tested as a cryoprotective agent. As a result of monitoring the indicators of nuclear maturation of oocytes and the morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells, a positive effect of preventive (before vitrification) incubation of OCC in the follicular fluid (FF) of follicles d<3 mm on the quality of devitrified oocytes was revealed. The level of gametes with highly expanded cumulus in the experimental group after preventive VF reversal was significantly higher than that in the control – 68 % versus 45 % (p<0,05). Preincubation of OCCs in follicle fluid d<3 mm reduced the proportion of devitrified oocytes with degenerated chromatin. Based on the data obtained, we recommend upgrading the vitrification protocol by preventive incubation of OCC in the fluid of antral follicles d<3 mm for 30 minutes. Key words: porcine oocyte-cumulus complexes, follicular fluid, vitrification, meiosis.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.37-41
NONINFETION DISEASES
43 Belousov A.I., Shkuratova I.A., Krasnoperov A.S., Malkov S.V., Chernitsky A.E. Dynamics and prevalence of liver diseases in holstin cows in the Sverdlovsk region
The results of biochemical screening for 2017 – 2023 of Holstein cows of 2 – 4 lactations (2,84±0,76 lactations) were analyzed. The average productivity of which for 305 days of the previous lactation – 7500 – 11000 kg. Blood sampling was carried out within the framework of the dispensary study according to the principle of randomized sampling. Samples were taken from 57 agricultural enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region (325 screening points). The study included 6705 animals. The prevalence of liver diseases during the study period was 49,4 %. Cholestatic and cytolytic were the main syndromes recorded at cholestatic: 30,0 – 48,0 % and cytolytic: 13,7 – 24,0 %, including signs of marked functional impairment 7,9 %. The increase in the proportion of animals with signs of liver pathology was associated with violations of feeding and housing technology. Based on the results of the screening, agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk Oblast were ranked into 4 groups. Depending on the share of animals with pronounced functional liver disorders from the number of the screened ones: safe (less than 6,0 %), conditionally safe (6,0 – 10,0 %), unfavorable (10,0 – 20,0 %) and especially unfavorable (more than 20,0 %). It was found that the share of favorable and conditionally favorable accounted for 48,9 % and 22,8 %, while unfavorable and extremely unfavorable accounted for 19,7 % and 8,6 %. Key words: cattle, holstein breed, diagnostics, liver, hepatobiliary system, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, glutamate dehydrogenase.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.43-47
48 Rodionova N.Yu., Kulikov Ev.V., Sotnikova E.D., Prozorovskiy I.E., Semenova V.I., Rogov R.V., Rudenko P.A. Clinical manifestation of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in a calf
The article identifies the features of the clinical manifestation of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves of varying severity. During an epizootological examination, 37 calves with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia, aged from 1 to 3 months, were identified. Clinical studies made it possible to classify 12 animals as a mild, compensated degree of the disease, 14 calves as a moderate, subcompensated degree, and 11 calves as a severe, decompensated degree. It has been shown that the pulmonary insufficiency index is a marker indicator in the diagnosis of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia of varying severity, which makes it possible to identify the disease even at the initial stages. Dividing the clinical picture of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia into three degrees of severity of the inflammatory process - compensated, subcompensated and decompensated, in our opinion, simplifies diagnosis, contributes to a more accurate prediction of the outcome of the disease, as well as timely and effective prescription of the necessary therapeutic interventions. Key words: calves, bronchopneumonia, clinical picture, compensated, subcompensated, decompensated.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.9.48-53
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
54 Arisov M.V., Kadyrova D.V. ChondroNeo feed additive in the diets of small pets
The effectiveness of the ChondroNeo feed additive in the diets of dogs and cats with various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and intense physical exertion has been studied. In animals, the degree of lameness, pain response during palpation, the severity of muscle atrophy, as well as the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood were evaluated. Additionally, dogs underwent an intensive special endurance test to assess the degree of recovery of their body after physical exertion. It was established that the use of the ChondroNeo feed additive (the manufacturing organization of JSC “NPF “Ecoprom”) as part of the diet of dogs and cats improves the functional state of the musculoskeletal system in pathologies of various genesis, shortens the recovery period after surgery and physical exertion. Key words: dogs, puppies, cats, kittens, dysplasia, glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane, ration, feed additive.
DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2024.27.8.54-58
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