CONTENTS №1-2026

3 Makarov V.V., Stekolnikov A.A. Another lessons of panzootic African swine fever

The paper discusses the issues related to the possibility of using the proposed live attenuated vaccines against African swine fever. New non-trivial elements of virus evolution in the epizootic process are considered. Key words: African swine fever, live attenuated vaccines, virus evolution.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.03-08

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

11 Gildikov D.I., Kashkovskaya L.M., Safarova М.I., Khorovodov A.P. Azitronit Tab: pharmacokinetic benefits of dispersible azithromycin and efficacy in respiratory infections in small pets

The clinical efficacy of a drug in the form of tablets based on azithromycin (Azitronit Tab) in the treatment of respiratory infections in dogs and cats has been evaluated. Animals with spontaneous rhinitis, tracheitis and bronchitis were given the drug orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day for 5 days. The effectiveness was evaluated on the 5th day of therapy according to the clinical condition, hematological parameters and the results of repeated bacteriological examination. By the 5th day of treatment, a statistically significant (p<0,05) positive trend was established: body temperature, heart rate and respiratory movements returned to normal, and clinical symptoms disappeared. Hematologically, a decrease in leukocytosis and leukocyte intoxication index was recorded, which indicated relief of inflammation and intoxication. Bacteriological examination revealed 100% eradication of pathogenic microflora (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., etc.). No adverse reactions to the drug were detected. Therefore, azithromycin in the form of dispersible tablets (Azitronite Tab) is a highly effective (100 %) and safe treatment for respiratory infections of bacterial etiology in dogs and cats. A short course of therapy ensured complete clinical recovery and eradication of the pathogen. Key words: azithromycin, Azitronite Tab, respiratory infections, dogs, cats, macrolides, Mycoplasma spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.11-16

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

18 Verkhovsky O.A., Chunikhina O.A., Korneeva Yu.V., Koritskaya M.A., Aliper T.I. Viral proteins and its antigenic activity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolate of the second type

The aim of this article is to study of the expression and antigenic activity of proteins of the previously isolated non-cytopathogenic BVDV-2a strain MA-21 during its reproduction in the MDBK cell line in a comparative aspect with the protein spectrum of the concentrated virus. SDS-PAAGE analysis showed that virus reproduction accompanied by the expression of viral proteins, four of which are the most significant: Erns, NS4B, Npro, C, and three additional ones are the NS2, E2, and E1 proteins of the virus. According to the results of immunoblotting using calf antiserum, it was show that E2, NS4B, Erns, and E1 are immunodominant proteins among the presented protein spectrum. It was discuss that the study of the spectrum and antigenicity of various proteins is fundamental for the possible inclusion of newly isolated BVDV strains in vaccines in order to increase their efficacy against various biotypes and subgenotypes of the BVDV. Key words: BVDV- 2a strain MA-21, viral structural and non-structural proteins, SDS-PAAGE, immunoblotting, immune response.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.18-24

INVASIVE DISEASES

25 Vasilevich F.I., Demkina O.V., Nikanorova A.M. The effectiveness of combined use of fenbendazole and Bacillus subtilis in horses with benzimidazole-resistant strongylids

Cyatostomines remain a significant problem in horse breeding, which is aggravated by a decrease in the sensitivity of helminths to benzimidazoles (traditional anthelmintic drugs). Probiotics based on Bacillus subtilis are considered as a way to enhance and prolong the effect of drugs. The results of a two-stage experiment conducted in the field on horses with reduced sensitivity to benzimidazoles are presented. The efficacy of therapy with fenbendazole (once) and a combination of fenbendazole (once) and B. subtilis for 14 days was compared. The results were evaluated by reducing the number of eggs in faeces (FECRT test) with DI. Additionally, the mean ±SE, median [Q1–Q3], and the proportion of animals with EPG=0 were calculated. It was found that fenbendazole (FBZ) in monotherapy gave a short-term response followed by relapse. The combination of FBZ with B. subtilis ensured rapid and sustained suppression of the release of strongylid eggs by animals for up to 30 days, thereby reducing pasture contamination and allowing longer treatment intervals.online Key words: horses, cyatostomins, strongylids, fenbendazole, Bacillus subtilis, probiotic, FECRT, benzimidazole resistance.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.25-30

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

31 Solodova E.V., Sakaev V.A., Lebedeva L.F. Preparation of freshly diluted and frozen-thawed stallion sperm by various methods for use in ICSI or IVF technologies

In order to determine the optimal method of stallion sperm preparation for ICSI and IVF, studies were conducted on changes in the indicators of total and progressive motility after using the following methods: direct swim-up (DSU), density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and their combination (DGC-SU). The samples of freshly diluted (n=16) and frozen (n=12) stallion sperm were analyzed. The G-MOPS™ medium was used for the Swim-Up method, and the SpermGradTM gradient was used for DGC. The studies showed that the best results in increasing the progressive motility of spermatozoa are achieved using the DGC or DGC-SU methods, both when using freshly diluted (1,5 times) and frozen-thawed sperm (2,7 and 2,5 times, respectively). A reliable increase in progressive motility (1,7 times) after sperm preparation using the Swim-Up method is achieved only in frozen-thawed sperm samples. Thus, to prepare sperm for ICSI, the DSU method can be used for both freshly diluted and frozen-thawed sperm samples. The level of progressive motility 33,8 % (17,4 – 42,4 %) after preparation of frozen-thawed sperm samples by the DSU method is not sufficient for use in the IVF procedure, therefore, to perform IVF with a frozen-thawed sperm sample, it is necessary to use the DGC or DGC-SU method. Кey words: sperm, motility, preparation methods, IVF, ICSI.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.31-35

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

37 Mandryka E.D., Shastin P.N., Laishevtsev A.I., Stepanova T.V. Probiotic potential of lactobacilli

The paper presents the results of studying the probiotic potential of a number of promising strains of lactobacilli. Antagonistic activity was determined by the delayed antagonism method using test strains and evaluated based on the results of determining growth retardation zones. The level of acid formation was determined in two repetitions in Turner degrees. Adhesive activity was determined using a 1% suspension of erythrocytes. The level of acid formation in the studied lactobacillus strains was: Lactobacillus helveticus B-1039 – 180?25 °T, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B-1042 – 190,55 °T, Lactobacillus fermentum B-1038 – 211,15 °T. The adhesion indices of lactobacilli showed the following values: L. helveticus B-1039 – 2,1; L. fermentum B-1038 – 2,72, L. delbrueckii subsp. the bulgaricus B-1042 index is 1,84. The studied lactobacillus strains have a high probiotic potential, which means that these strains are promising in the development of a multicomponent drug for animals. Key words: probiotics, lactobacilli, biosafety, antibiotic resistance, adhesion, antagonism.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.37-40

LABORATORY PRACTICE

41 Safina G.M., Kosarev M.A., Nasibullin R.Yu. Chemostatic cultivation of the R-strain of brucella

The development and implementation of new, more efficient technologies for the production of anti-brucellosis vaccines and diagnostic tools is an urgent task. Deep cultivation of microorganisms ensures high-quality growth of microbes and helps to reduce production costs. Therefore, special attention is being paid to studying the possibilities of deep cultivation for the production of the R-strain brucella culture mass. The goal of these studies is to develop optimal cultivation parameters that will ensure the production of high-quality biomaterial for the subsequent production of vaccines and diagnostic tools. The conducted research has shown the potential of using periodic and chemostat cultivation of the R strain for the industrial production of anti-brucellosis vaccines and diagnostic tools. Key words: brucella, strain, R-culture, chemostatic cultivation, aeration of the medium.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.41-45

46 Lazareva O.I., Sivkova T.N., Ivanov V.A. Cytopatic effect of somatic extract of Anisakis simplex L3 on the culture of eukaryotic cells

The mechanism the toxic action of A. simplex L3 extract on the culture of ciliates Paramecium caudatum was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The cytopathic effect of the helminth extract on rat fibroblasts. The study of the surface of P. caudatum made it possible to establish the destruction and damage of cell membrane structures. In rats’ fibroblast cell line, cytopathic effects, cell dystrophy, disruption of the division process, and karyopathology were recorded. Keywords: anisakid larvae, Anisakis simplex, extract, eukaryotes, toxic effect, rat fibroblasts, cytopathic effect.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.46-51

52 Marinin L.I., Mironova R.I., Shishkova N.A., Tyurin E.A., Mokrievich A.N., Dyatlov I.A. The LB-agar modified for prepared and long-term preservation cultures of Bacillus anthracis

Based on the analysis of the literature and our own experimental data of a long-term study of the properties of the anthrax pathogen, information on the preparation and evaluation of the properties of B. anthracis spore cultures is summarized. The article describes some features of the preparation of spore cultures in mattresses on a modified agar medium according to Luria-Bertani (LB-agar). Spore cultures of 225 virulent and vaccine strains of B. anthracis were prepared using the proven technology on the modified Luria-Bertani nutrient medium, which are stored at GCMP-Obolensk. The medium provides a high level of spore formation of Bacillus anthracis (1 billion spores per 1 ml of medium) and is easy to use. The possibility of long-term preservation of spores of viability and basic properties when stored in 30 % glycerol has been confirmed. Observations showed that the spore cultures prepared in 1956 and 1993 retained all biological, genetic, virulent and immunogenic properties. Key words: Bacillus anthracis, strain, spore culture, properties, nutrient media, cultivation, shelf life.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.01.52-57