CONTENTS №2-2026

3 Glotova T.I., Koteneva S.V., Sudorgina T.E., Glotov A.G., Ternovoi V.A., Tupota N.L., Eremeeva L.I. Studying the lung microbiome of calves during respiratory disease outbreaks using metagenomic sequencing

The results of metagenomic sequencing of the microbiome of calves from respiratory disease outbreaks using lung samples are presented. Additionally, a pool of bacteria previously isolated from sick animals were analyzed to identify uncultured microbiome representatives. Based on the results of 16S metagenomic NGS sequencing, it was established that the spectrum of microorganisms is quite broad and is represented by bacteria belonging to five phyla: Firmicutes (37,0 %), Proteobacteria (27,0 %), Actinobacteria (12,0 %), Fusobacteria (6,0 %), and Bacteroides (6,0 %). In the pool of bacteria isolated from the lungs of calves, microorganisms of the genera Pasteurella (17 %), Bacillus (13 %), Streptococcus (10 %), Mannheimia (7 %), Brevibacterium (6 %), Salmonella (5 %), Staphylococcus (5 %), Lactobacillus (3 %), Clostridium (3 %), Fusobacterium (3 %), Selenomonas (2 %), Leuconostoc (2 %) and Lysinibacillus (2 %) were identified. Bacteria Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella dublin, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium septicum were identified at the species level. Lung samples were found to contain bacteria of the genera Actinorugispora (13 %), Staphylococcus (12 %), Bacillus (12 %), Streptococcus (12 %), Lawsonella (6 %), Rhodococcus (6 %), Gardnerella (6 %), Flavobacterium (6 %), Leuconostoc (6 %), and Clostridium (6 %). No respiratory complex bacteria were detected in the lungs. Viruses were likely the etiologic agents of acute respiratory disease in calves in these cases. Most representatives of these genera are soil-dwelling and could have entered the lungs through inhaled air or feed. Their role in respiratory pathology remains to be determined. Key words: microbiome, bacteria, mNGS sequencing, respiratory diseases.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.03-08

EXPERIMENT, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

10 Iskandarov M.I., Fedorov A.I., Iskandarova S.S., Polyakova I.V., Gulyukin A.M. Optimization of the allergic diagnostic method for brucellosis in animals

The article discusses approaches to allergen development for optimizing brucellosis diagnosis. Since it is highly contagious and able to spread rapidly brucellosis is a serious threat to animal husbandry. The disease reduces productivity and threatens food security. According to analysis, none of the existing diagnostic methods has absolute sensitivity or specificity. The results of allergy tests that complement serological diagnostic methods have shown that up to 20 % of infected animals have allergic reactions. That allows to effectively differentiate vaccinated and infected animals. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis, an integrative approach is offered which would include allergic, serological and bacteriological methods. To develop new methods for the allergic diagnosis of brucellosis, an interdisciplinary approach is needed. The latest technologies and scientific methods should be implemented to improve the effectiveness of infection control and ensure product safety. Key words: brucellosis, diagnostics, allergic and serological studies.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.10-14

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

16 Zavyalova E.A., Droshnev A.E., Karpova M.A., Gulukin A.M. Predicting salmon IPN epizootics by virus virulence factor analysis

IPN is a disease caused by a virus which belongs to the Birnaviridae family of the Aquabirnavirus genus, that affects salmon fish worldwide and causing the death of up to 80 – 90 % of the trout and salmon livestock grown in aquaculture, and is also detected in more than 40 species of fish of other species that may not show clinical signs of the disease progression but are carriers of pathogenic origin. The genome consists of two double-stranded RNA segments (A and B) and encodes five proteins (VP1 – VP5). Three of them (VP1, VP2 and VP3) are structural, and two (VP4 and VP5) are non-structural. The most important segment is VP1 which contains from the most conservative fragments characterized for all representatives of birnaviruses and the amplification of which makes it possible to reliably determine IPNV in samples; VP2 that is considered an important protein affecting the virulence of the virus. The development and implementation of a test system including the simultaneous use of primers for these areas makes it possible to predict the development of epizootics with sufficient accuracy, while much faster than with classical cultural work. The technique was tested on 711 biomaterial samples in 2025 with a positive result and high reproducibility. Key words: salmon fish, epizootics, infectious pancreatic necrosis, IPN, PCR research, virulence factors.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.16-22

23 Petrenko A.A., Barychnikov P.I. The effect of tissue biogenic preparation on titres of specific antibodies in calf blood serum during vaccination

The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of specific antibody titers when using a tissue-based biogenic preparation simultaneously with vaccination with an inactivated emulsion-based associated BoviRes-Past vaccine against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, and pasteurellosis in cattle. The studies showed that the combined injection of the biogenic preparation and the vaccine increases the formation of specific antibodies in vaccinated calves, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination. The maximum difference in antibody titers between the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group was recorded on the 30th day after revaccination. Key words: calves, biogenic drug, vaccination, antibody titers, parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.23-26

INVASIVE DISEASES

27 Zabrovskaia A.V., Kuznetsov Yu.E., Belova L.M., Gavrilova N.A., Shiryaeva V.A., Roberman M.G. Anthelmintic drug resistance of helminthiasis pathogens in dogs and cats (a review)

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific data on the emergency and spread of anthelmintic drug resistance of the most widespread pathogens of helminthiasis in dogs and cats. Recommendations for the rational deworming of dogs and cats are given, aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of resistance – inherited genetic changes in the DNA of the parasite, making it insensitive to previously effective anthelmintics. Key words: resistance, helminths, dogs, cats, anthelmintics, deworming, benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.27-31

OBSTTERICS, GYNECOLOGY

32 Aliyev A.Yu., Saibulaev Sh.A., Engashev S.V. Therapeutic efficacy of MASTIBLOK® gel for the treatment of ewes with subclinical mastitis

Improving of the efficiency and competitiveness of the sheep farming industry is associated with more comprehensive utilization of sheep's wool, fur, and meat production, as well as milk production, which accounts from 30 to 35 % of the gross value of sheep production. One common obstacle to fully realizing of the potential of this industry is mammary gland inflammation (mastitis). Without early diagnosis and effective treatment, it leads to subsequent loss of ewes from the breeding herd, reducing the genetic potential of the population. Latent (subclinical) mastitis in ewes is quite common, especially among individuals with high reproductive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MASTIBLOCK® gel for the treatment of lactating ewes with subclinical mastitis. Ewes were treated with MASTIBLOCK® gel by applying a thin layer to the udder skin. twice, 12 hours apart, until complete recovery. In the experimental group the therapeutic efficacy was 88,0 %, on 16,0 % higher. than in the control group. Key words: ewes, mammary gland, mastitis, therapy, Mastiblok drug.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.32-36

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

37 Gizzatullin R.R., Gizzatullina R.R., Mullakaev O.T., Trubkin A.I., Nizamova G.M. Determination of acute toxicity parameters of a new acaricid composition azomethin «A-14» based on ointment

The work was carried out in the vivarium of the Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology, and Pathological Anatomy. In experiments on 90 non-linear white mice with a body weight of 18 – 22 g of different sex and age groups, the parameters of acute toxicity of the pharmacological agent «A-14» were studied in accordance with the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of medicinal products. The compounds were administered intragastrically at single doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 8000 mg/kg. The control group of mice did not receive the drug. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the pharmacological agent «A-14», which is capable of causing the death of 50 % of mice, is 8000 mg/kg when administered intragastrically once. According to GOST 12.01.007–76, the studied compound belongs to the 4th hazard category, which is a low-hazard substance. Key words: white mice, acute toxicity, LD50, toxicology, drug.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.37-40

41 Shoshina O.V. The effect of chromium picolinate on the meat productivity of kazakh white-headed bull calves

The effect of different levels of chromium in the diets of experimental animals on the quality of meat has been studied. It was determined that the addition of chromium picolinate to the diet of calves at a dosage of 8 mg/kg of dry matter contributed to an improvement in the growth rate of calves, increased meat productivity of carcasses and enriched meat with nutrients. Key words: chromium picolinate, diet, body weight, carcass weight, meat quality, protein, fat.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.41-44

NONINFETION DISEASES

46 Stekolnikov A.A., Gorokhov V.E., Finageev E.Y., Engashev S.V. Thermographic assessment of the results of treatment of cattle with purulent-necrotic pathologies of the claws with phenol-based preparations

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of phenol-based drugs in the treatment of cattle with the claws purulent-necrotic diseases, using thermographic assessment of the course of these pathologies during the treatment period. Twenty animals with claws diseases such as Rusterholz's ulcer, Mortellaro's disease, corona's ulcer, and other superficial purulent pododermatitis were selected for the study. Phenol-based drugs in the form of aerosols were used for treatment. According to thermography data, in accordance with external pathological changes, all animals with superficial purulent pododermatitis, including specific and nonspecific ulcerative pathologies, showed a pronounced decrease in temperature intensity with a reduction in its boundaries, in accordance with the absence of visual signs of inflammation. In some cases, during thermography, in the dynamics of treatment, an increased temperature in the area of pathology was maintained, which may indicate the processes of tissue regeneration during the recovery period of the animal. At the same time, in some cases, in sick animals, the degree of lameness of the support type decreased, and in others, it completely stopped. Key words: cattle, the claws purulent-necrotic pathologies, thermography, phenol-based preparations.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.46-50

51 Ostrenko K.S., Ovcharova A.N., Kutyin I.V., Nevkrytaya N.V. Correction of stress and atherogenic disorders in rearing bulls when feeding coriander and fennel

As part of a study conducted in 2025 on black-and-white bull calves from the 7th to the 12th month of life, the effectiveness of a complex feed additive based on Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill fruits was evaluated. It was found that the use of a complex feed additive induced a statistically significant activation of the antioxidant defense system, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the experimental groups by 21,9 % and 26,0 % (p<0,05). In parallel, a pronounced modulation of hormonal status was recorded: a 2-fold decrease in cortisol concentration (p<0,01) and a significant decrease in 17-OH-progesterone levels. The data obtained indicate a complex positive effect of the phytonutrient, which is expressed in relieving the manifestations of chronic stress by correcting the endocrine profile (reducing catabolic and stress hormones) and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant potential. Key words: cattle, chronic stress, cortisol, oxidative stress, reduced glutathione, phytonutrients, hormonal status.

DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2026.29.02.51-56